How to Maintain and Clean Your AR-15 for Longevity

The AR-15 is one of the most popular and versatile rifles for shooting enthusiasts, thanks to its reliability, customization options, and ease of use. However, like any firearm, regular cleaning and maintenance are essential to keep your AR-15 performing reliably and safely for years to come.

In this blog, we’ll cover a step-by-step guide on how to clean your AR-15, along with tips for proper maintenance to extend its longevity.

Why Regular AR-15 Maintenance Is Important

Before diving into the cleaning process, it’s critical to understand why maintenance matters:

1. Reliability: A clean AR-15 fires more consistently and prevents malfunctions.
2. Gun Safety: Accumulated carbon, grime, or debris can cause misfires or failure to fire, which could be dangerous.
3. Longevity: Proper maintenance reduces wear and tear on key components, helping your AR-15 last for decades.

Even if you don’t shoot frequently, moisture, dust, and general storage conditions can cause issues like corrosion over time.

Essential Tools and Supplies for Cleaning Your AR-15

To clean your AR-15 properly, you need the right tools and supplies. Here’s a checklist:

• Cleaning Rod or Bore Snake: For bore cleaning the barrel.
• Nylon or Brass Brushes: To scrub carbon buildup.
• Patch Holder and Patches: For applying solvent and oil.
• Gun Cleaning Solvent: To break down carbon and grime.
• Lubricating Oil/CLP (Clean, Lubricate, Protect): For corrosion prevention and ensuring smooth operation.
• Toothbrush or Nylon Brush: For cleaning hard-to-reach areas.
• Cleaning Mat: To protect your workspace.
• Microfiber or Lint-Free Cloth: For wiping down parts.
• AR-15-Specific Tool Kit: Helpful for disassembly or replacing small components.

Step-by-Step Guide: How to Clean Your AR-15

Let’s break down how to clean your AR-15 efficiently and effectively.

Step 1: Ensure Safety First

• Unload the Rifle: Remove the magazine and visually inspect the chamber to double-check that the AR-15 is completely unloaded.
• Remove Bolt Carrier Group (BCG) and Charging Handle: Pull back the charging handle and slide out the BCG. Set both aside for cleaning.
• Disassemble: While full disassembly isn’t always necessary, removing key components like the BCG, charging handle, and buffer assembly makes cleaning easier.

Step 2: Clean the Barrel

• Attach a Patch with Solvent: To clean the barrel, use a bore snake or cleaning rod with a patch soaked in solvent.
• Run the Patch: Move it in one direction—starting from the chamber and moving out through the muzzle. This prevents dirt and solvent from contaminating the action.
• Scrub the Barrel: Use a nylon or brass brush attached to the cleaning rod to remove stubborn carbon and fouling.
• Dry the Barrel: Run clean, dry patches through the barrel until they come out clean.
• Light Oil Coating: Apply a light coating of oil to prevent rust inside the barrel.

Step 3: Clean the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG)

The BCG is one of the most critical components of your AR-15 and tends to collect a lot of carbon buildup.

• Wipe Down the BCG: Use a cloth to remove loose dirt or grime.
• Clean the Bolt:
  • Remove the bolt from the carrier.
  • Scrub carbon off the bolt face and the lugs using a brush.
• Clean the Firing Pin: Wipe down the firing pin and check for wear or corrosion.
• Scrub the Carrier: Use a nylon brush and solvent to clean the inside and outside of the carrier.
• Dry and Lubricate: Once all parts are clean, wipe them dry and apply a thin coat of CLP or lubricating oil.

Step 4: Clean the Upper Receiver

The upper receiver houses the barrel, charging handle, and BCG. Here’s how to clean it:

• Wipe Down the Inside: Use a cloth or brush with solvent to remove grime.
• Focus on the Chamber: Pay attention to the star-shaped chamber area, where debris can accumulate.
• Charging Handle: Clean the charging handle with a cloth and a small amount of solvent.

Step 5: Clean the Lower Receiver

The lower receiver includes the trigger assembly and buffer tube.

• Wipe the Receiver: Use a cloth or brush to clean the trigger area, magazine well, and buffer tube.
• Buffer and Spring: Remove the buffer and spring from the buffer tube. Wipe them down and lightly oil them.
• Lubricate Moving Parts: Add a few drops of oil to the trigger assembly and any other moving parts.

Step 6: Reassemble and Lubricate

• Reassemble: Put the rifle back together, ensuring all components fit correctly.
• Apply Lubricant: Key areas to lubricate include:
  • The bolt carrier rails.
  • The bolt lugs.
  • The charging handle.
  • Buffer spring (lightly).

Routine Maintenance Tips for Your AR-15

1. Clean After Every Use: Even if you only shoot a few rounds, regular cleaning prevents carbon buildup.
2. Inspect Components: Regularly check for wear or cracks on key parts like the bolt, buffer, and springs.
3. Avoid Over-Oiling: Too much oil can attract dirt and debris, leading to malfunctions.
4. Use High-Quality CLP: Invest in a reputable cleaner and lubricant to protect your AR-15 effectively.
5. Store Properly: Store your AR-15 in a dry place with controlled humidity to prevent rust.

Signs Your AR-15 Needs Maintenance

Not sure if it’s time for a cleaning? Look for these signs:

• Stiff Charging Handle: If pulling the charging handle feels gritty or stiff, debris may be causing issues.
• Failure to Eject/Firing Malfunctions: Dirty BCG or barrel can cause cycling problems.
• Visible Carbon Buildup: Excess carbon on the bolt, chamber, or muzzle is a clear sign it’s time for cleaning.

How Often Should You Clean Your AR-15?

The frequency of cleaning depends on how often you shoot:

• After Every Range Visit: If you shoot frequently, clean your AR-15 after each use.
• Every Few Months: If your rifle is in storage, check and clean it every 3-4 months to prevent corrosion.
• After Heavy Use: If you fire hundreds of rounds in one session, a detailed cleaning is essential.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Cleaning Your AR-15

• Skipping the Barrel: The barrel is prone to fouling and corrosion; always clean it thoroughly.
• Over-Lubricating: Excess oil attracts dirt, which can cause jams.
• Using the Wrong Tools: Avoid using harsh chemicals or improper tools that may scratch or damage components.

Final Thoughts: Keep Your AR-15 Ready for Action

Learning how to clean your AR-15 is an essential part of owning and maintaining this reliable rifle. By following these steps, using the right tools, and maintaining a consistent cleaning routine, you can ensure that your AR-15 remains safe, reliable, and functional for years to come.

Regular care not only protects your investment but also guarantees better performance every time you pull the trigger. So, take the time to clean your AR-15—your rifle will thank you!